Each of the primary modes of international transport (sea, air, road/rail, and multimodal) comprises a different set of commercial practices, freight calculations, and standard documents—a clear understanding of them is crucial to better appreciate the complexities of global trade. The choice of international transport method has a direct impact on price, speed of delivery and the risk of loss or damage.

Transport documents such as bills of lading and waybills play a crucial role in the transport process, but also in payment methods—it is essential to distinguish between these negotiable documents and non-negotiable documents. This course will end with compliance with the ever increasing security, health and environmental controls exporters and importers will face. This will cover ATA Carnets, free trade zones, duties/taxes, and codes of conduct relating to sustainability, ethics and labour standards.

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